Definition and Scope: PET collection tubes are specialized containers used in the healthcare industry for the collection and storage of blood samples and other biological fluids. These tubes are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, which is known for its clarity, strength, and inertness, making it ideal for preserving the integrity of samples for diagnostic testing. PET collection tubes typically come in various sizes and colors to accommodate different types of tests and facilitate proper sample identification. The tubes are sealed with a stopper or cap to prevent contamination and ensure sample security during transportation and storage. The market for PET collection tubes is experiencing steady growth due to several key market trends and drivers. One significant trend is the increasing demand for diagnostic testing services worldwide, driven by factors such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, aging populations, and advancements in medical technology. As the volume of diagnostic tests continues to grow, so does the need for high-quality sample collection and storage solutions like PET tubes. Additionally, technological advancements in the design and manufacturing of PET collection tubes, such as improved materials and closure systems, are enhancing their performance and reliability, further fueling market growth. Moreover, the market for PET collection tubes is being driven by the growing emphasis on quality assurance and regulatory compliance in the healthcare industry. Healthcare providers and diagnostic laboratories are increasingly prioritizing the use of standardized, reliable sample collection devices to ensure accurate test results and patient safety. This focus on quality and compliance is boosting the adoption of PET collection tubes, which are known for their consistency, stability, and compatibility with a wide range of laboratory procedures. As a result, manufacturers of PET collection tubes are investing in research and development to innovate new products that meet the evolving needs of the market and regulatory requirements, driving further market expansion. The global PET Collection Tubes market size was estimated at USD 1565.95 million in 2024, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.60% during the forecast period. This report offers a comprehensive analysis of the global PET Collection Tubes market, examining all key dimensions. It provides both a macro-level overview and micro-level market details, including market size, trends, competitive landscape, niche segments, growth drivers, and key challenges. Report Framework and Key Highlights: Market Dynamics: Identification of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. Trend Analysis: Examination of ongoing and emerging trends impacting the market. Competitive Landscape: Detailed profiles and market positioning of major players, including market share, operational status, product offerings, and strategic developments. Strategic Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, PEST Analysis, Value Chain Analysis Market Segmentation: By type, application, region, and end-user industry. Forecasting and Growth Projections: In-depth revenue forecasts and CAGR analysis through 2033. This report equips readers with critical insights to navigate competitive dynamics and develop effective strategies. Whether assessing a new market entry or refining existing strategies, the report serves as a valuable tool for: Industry players Investors Researchers Consultants Business strategists And all stakeholders with an interest or investment in the PET Collection Tubes market. Global PET Collection Tubes Market: Segmentation Analysis and Strategic Insights This section of the report provides an in-depth segmentation analysis of the global PET Collection Tubes market. The market is segmented based on region (country), manufacturer, product type, and application. Segmentation enables a more precise understanding of market dynamics and facilitates targeted strategies across product development, marketing, and sales. By breaking the market into meaningful subsets, stakeholders can better tailor their offerings to the specific needs of each segment—enhancing competitiveness and improving return on investment. Global PET Collection Tubes Market: Market Segmentation Analysis The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments. Key Companies Profiled Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler CML Biotech Demophorius Healthcare Elamed Greiner Bio-One Medibrex Micsafe Medical Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology Plasti Lab Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus Vitrex Medical Yung Kang Medical Omnia Health KS Medical Chaoran Medical InterVacTechnology Hubei New Desheng AdvaCare Pharma Changsha Hongreat AccuQuik Sparsh Mediplus Chengdu Puth Medical MLS Narang Medical BD Terumo GBO Medtronic Sanli Gong Dong Market Segmentation by Type Serum Separating Tubes EDTA Tubes Plasma Separation Tubes Others Market Segmentation by Application Hospital Clinic Others Geographic Segmentation North America: United States, Canada, Mexico Europe: Germany, France, Italy, U.K., Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia. Asia-Pacific: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand South America: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia. Middle East and Africa (MEA): Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA Report Framework and Chapter Summary Chapter 1: Report Scope and Market Definition This chapter outlines the statistical boundaries and scope of the report. It defines the segmentation standards used throughout the study, including criteria for dividing the market by region, product type, application, and other relevant dimensions. It establishes the foundational definitions and classifications that guide the rest of the analysis. Chapter 2: Executive Summary This chapter presents a concise summary of the market’s current status and future outlook across different segments—by geography, product type, and application. It includes key metrics such as market size, growth trends, and development potential for each segment. The chapter offers a high-level overview of the PET Collection Tubes Market, highlighting its evolution over the short, medium, and long term. Chapter 3: Market Dynamics and Policy Environment This chapter explores the latest developments in the market, identifying key growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and risks faced by industry participants. It also includes an analysis of the policy and regulatory landscape affecting the market, providing insight into how external factors may shape future performance. Chapter 4: Competitive Landscape This chapter provides a detailed assessment of the market's competitive environment. It covers market share, production capacity, output, pricing trends, and strategic developments such as mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans of leading players. This analysis offers a comprehensive view of the positioning and performance of top competitors. Chapters 5–10: Regional Market Analysis These chapters offer in-depth, quantitative evaluations of market size and growth potential across major regions and countries. Each chapter assesses regional consumption patterns, market dynamics, development prospects, and available capacity. The analysis helps readers understand geographical differences and opportunities in global markets. Chapter 11: Market Segmentation by Product Type This chapter examines the market based on product type, analyzing the size, growth trends, and potential of each segment. It helps stakeholders identify underexplored or high-potential product categories—often referred to as “blue ocean” opportunities. Chapter 12: Market Segmentation by Application This chapter analyzes the market based on application fields, providing insights into the scale and future development of each application segment. It supports readers in identifying high-growth areas across downstream markets. Chapter 13: Company Profiles This chapter presents comprehensive profiles of leading companies operating in the market. For each company, it details sales revenue, volume, pricing, gross profit margin, market share, product offerings, and recent strategic developments. This section offers valuable insight into corporate performance and strategy. Chapter 14: Industry Chain and Value Chain Analysis This chapter explores the full industry chain, from upstream raw material suppliers to downstream application sectors. It includes a value chain analysis that highlights the interconnections and dependencies across various parts of the ecosystem. Chapter 15: Key Findings and Conclusions The final chapter summarizes the main takeaways from the report, presenting the core conclusions, strategic recommendations, and implications for stakeholders. It encapsulates the insights drawn from all previous chapters. Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports 1.1 PET Collection Tubes Market Definition 1.2 PET Collection Tubes Market Segments 1.2.1 Segment by Type 1.2.2 Segment by Application 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size 2.2 Market Segmentation – by Type 2.3 Market Segmentation – by Application 2.4 Market Segmentation – by Geography 3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints 3.1 Key Takeway 3.2 Market Opportunities & Trends 3.3 Market Drivers 3.4 Market Restraints 3.5 Market Major Factor Assessment 4 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Competitive Landscape 4.1 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) 4.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025) 4.3 PET Collection Tubes Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 4.4 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans 4.5 Mergers & Acquisitions 5 Global PET Collection Tubes Market by Region 5.1 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Region 5.1.1 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Region 5.1.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size Market Share by Region 5.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales by Region 5.2.1 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales by Region 5.2.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales Market Share by Region 6 North America Market Overview 6.1 North America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Country 6.1.1 USA Market Overview 6.1.2 Canada Market Overview 6.1.3 Mexico Market Overview 6.2 North America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Type 6.3 North America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Application 6.4 Top Players in North America PET Collection Tubes Market 7 Europe Market Overview 7.1 Europe PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Country 7.1.1 Germany Market Overview 7.1.2 France Market Overview 7.1.3 U.K. Market Overview 7.1.4 Italy Market Overview 7.1.5 Spain Market Overview 7.1.6 Sweden Market Overview 7.1.7 Denmark Market Overview 7.1.8 Netherlands Market Overview 7.1.9 Switzerland Market Overview 7.1.10 Belgium Market Overview 7.1.11 Russia Market Overview 7.2 Europe PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Type 7.3 Europe PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Application 7.4 Top Players in Europe PET Collection Tubes Market 8 Asia-Pacific Market Overview 8.1 Asia-Pacific PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Country 8.1.1 China Market Overview 8.1.2 Japan Market Overview 8.1.3 South Korea Market Overview 8.1.4 India Market Overview 8.1.5 Australia Market Overview 8.1.6 Indonesia Market Overview 8.1.7 Malaysia Market Overview 8.1.8 Philippines Market Overview 8.1.9 Singapore Market Overview 8.1.10 Thailand Market Overview 8.1.11 Rest of APAC Market Overview 8.2 Asia-Pacific PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Type 8.3 Asia-Pacific PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Application 8.4 Top Players in Asia-Pacific PET Collection Tubes Market 9 South America Market Overview 9.1 South America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Country 9.1.1 Brazil Market Overview 9.1.2 Argentina Market Overview 9.1.3 Columbia Market Overview 9.2 South America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Type 9.3 South America PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Application 9.4 Top Players in South America PET Collection Tubes Market 10 Middle East and Africa Market Overview 10.1 Middle East and Africa PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Country 10.1.1 Saudi Arabia Market Overview 10.1.2 UAE Market Overview 10.1.3 Egypt Market Overview 10.1.4 Nigeria Market Overview 10.1.5 South Africa Market Overview 10.2 Middle East and Africa PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Type 10.3 Middle East and Africa PET Collection Tubes Market Size by Application 10.4 Top Players in Middle East and Africa PET Collection Tubes Market 11 PET Collection Tubes Market Segmentation by Type 11.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) 11.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2033) 11.3 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2033) 11.4 Global PET Collection Tubes Price by Type (2020-2033) 12 PET Collection Tubes Market Segmentation by Application 12.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) 12.2 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Sales by Application (2020-2033) 12.3 Global PET Collection Tubes Market Size (M USD) by Application (2020-2033) 12.4 Global PET Collection Tubes Sales Growth Rate by Application (2020-2033) 13 Company Profiles 13.1 Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler 13.1.1 Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler Company Overview 13.1.2 Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler Business Overview 13.1.3 Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.1.4 Ayset Tıbbi Ürünler PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.1.5 Key News 13.2 CML Biotech 13.2.1 CML Biotech Company Overview 13.2.2 CML Biotech Business Overview 13.2.3 CML Biotech PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.2.4 CML Biotech PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.2.5 Key News 13.3 Demophorius Healthcare 13.3.1 Demophorius Healthcare Company Overview 13.3.2 Demophorius Healthcare Business Overview 13.3.3 Demophorius Healthcare PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.3.4 Demophorius Healthcare PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.3.5 Key News 13.4 Elamed 13.4.1 Elamed Company Overview 13.4.2 Elamed Business Overview 13.4.3 Elamed PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.4.4 Elamed PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.4.5 Key News 13.5 Greiner Bio-One 13.5.1 Greiner Bio-One Company Overview 13.5.2 Greiner Bio-One Business Overview 13.5.3 Greiner Bio-One PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.5.4 Greiner Bio-One PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.5.5 Key News 13.6 Medibrex 13.6.1 Medibrex Company Overview 13.6.2 Medibrex Business Overview 13.6.3 Medibrex PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.6.4 Medibrex PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.6.5 Key News 13.7 Micsafe Medical 13.7.1 Micsafe Medical Company Overview 13.7.2 Micsafe Medical Business Overview 13.7.3 Micsafe Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.7.4 Micsafe Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.7.5 Key News 13.8 Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology 13.8.1 Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology Company Overview 13.8.2 Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology Business Overview 13.8.3 Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.8.4 Nanjing Shuangwei Biotechnology PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.8.5 Key News 13.9 Plasti Lab 13.9.1 Plasti Lab Company Overview 13.9.2 Plasti Lab Business Overview 13.9.3 Plasti Lab PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.9.4 Plasti Lab PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.9.5 Key News 13.10 Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus 13.10.1 Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus Company Overview 13.10.2 Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus Business Overview 13.10.3 Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.10.4 Shinva Ande Healthcare Apparatus PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.10.5 Key News 13.11 Vitrex Medical 13.11.1 Vitrex Medical Company Overview 13.11.2 Vitrex Medical Business Overview 13.11.3 Vitrex Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.11.4 Vitrex Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.11.5 Key News 13.12 Yung Kang Medical 13.12.1 Yung Kang Medical Company Overview 13.12.2 Yung Kang Medical Business Overview 13.12.3 Yung Kang Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.12.4 Yung Kang Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.12.5 Key News 13.13 Omnia Health 13.13.1 Omnia Health Company Overview 13.13.2 Omnia Health Business Overview 13.13.3 Omnia Health PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.13.4 Omnia Health PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.13.5 Key News 13.14 KS Medical 13.14.1 KS Medical Company Overview 13.14.2 KS Medical Business Overview 13.14.3 KS Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.14.4 KS Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.14.5 Key News 13.15 Chaoran Medical 13.15.1 Chaoran Medical Company Overview 13.15.2 Chaoran Medical Business Overview 13.15.3 Chaoran Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.15.4 Chaoran Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.15.5 Key News 13.16 InterVacTechnology 13.16.1 InterVacTechnology Company Overview 13.16.2 InterVacTechnology Business Overview 13.16.3 InterVacTechnology PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.16.4 InterVacTechnology PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.16.5 Key News 13.17 Hubei New Desheng 13.17.1 Hubei New Desheng Company Overview 13.17.2 Hubei New Desheng Business Overview 13.17.3 Hubei New Desheng PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.17.4 Hubei New Desheng PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.17.5 Key News 13.18 AdvaCare Pharma 13.18.1 AdvaCare Pharma Company Overview 13.18.2 AdvaCare Pharma Business Overview 13.18.3 AdvaCare Pharma PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.18.4 AdvaCare Pharma PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.18.5 Key News 13.19 Changsha Hongreat 13.19.1 Changsha Hongreat Company Overview 13.19.2 Changsha Hongreat Business Overview 13.19.3 Changsha Hongreat PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.19.4 Changsha Hongreat PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.19.5 Key News 13.20 AccuQuik 13.20.1 AccuQuik Company Overview 13.20.2 AccuQuik Business Overview 13.20.3 AccuQuik PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.20.4 AccuQuik PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.20.5 Key News 13.21 Sparsh Mediplus 13.21.1 Sparsh Mediplus Company Overview 13.21.2 Sparsh Mediplus Business Overview 13.21.3 Sparsh Mediplus PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.21.4 Sparsh Mediplus PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.21.5 Key News 13.22 Chengdu Puth Medical 13.22.1 Chengdu Puth Medical Company Overview 13.22.2 Chengdu Puth Medical Business Overview 13.22.3 Chengdu Puth Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.22.4 Chengdu Puth Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.22.5 Key News 13.23 MLS 13.23.1 MLS Company Overview 13.23.2 MLS Business Overview 13.23.3 MLS PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.23.4 MLS PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.23.5 Key News 13.24 Narang Medical 13.24.1 Narang Medical Company Overview 13.24.2 Narang Medical Business Overview 13.24.3 Narang Medical PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.24.4 Narang Medical PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.24.5 Key News 13.25 BD 13.25.1 BD Company Overview 13.25.2 BD Business Overview 13.25.3 BD PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.25.4 BD PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.25.5 Key News 13.26 Terumo 13.26.1 Terumo Company Overview 13.26.2 Terumo Business Overview 13.26.3 Terumo PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.26.4 Terumo PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.26.5 Key News 13.27 GBO 13.27.1 GBO Company Overview 13.27.2 GBO Business Overview 13.27.3 GBO PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.27.4 GBO PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.27.5 Key News 13.28 Medtronic 13.28.1 Medtronic Company Overview 13.28.2 Medtronic Business Overview 13.28.3 Medtronic PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.28.4 Medtronic PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.28.5 Key News 13.29 Sanli 13.29.1 Sanli Company Overview 13.29.2 Sanli Business Overview 13.29.3 Sanli PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.29.4 Sanli PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.29.5 Key News 13.30 Gong Dong 13.30.1 Gong Dong Company Overview 13.30.2 Gong Dong Business Overview 13.30.3 Gong Dong PET Collection Tubes Major Product Offerings 13.30.4 Gong Dong PET Collection Tubes Sales and Revenue fromPET Collection Tubes (2020-2025) 13.30.5 Key News 13.30.6 Key News 14 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints 14.1 Key Takeway 14.2 Market Opportunities & Trends 14.3 Market Drivers 14.4 Market Restraints 14.5 Market Major Factor Assessment 14.6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of PET Collection Tubes Market 14.7 PEST Analysis of PET Collection Tubes Market 15 Analysis of the PET Collection Tubes Industry Chain 15.1 Overview of the Industry Chain 15.2 Upstream Segment Analysis 15.3 Midstream Segment Analysis 15.3.1 Manufacturing, Processing or Conversion Process Analysis 15.3.2 Key Technology Analysis 15.4 Downstream Segment Analysis 15.4.1 Downstream Customer List and Contact Details 15.4.2 Customer Concerns or Preference Analysis 16 Conclusion 17 Appendix 17.1 Methodology 17.2 Research Process and Data Source 17.3 Disclaimer 17.4 Note 17.5 Examples of Clients 17.6 DisclaimerResearch Methodology The research methodology employed in this study follows a structured, four-stage process designed to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and relevance of all data and insights presented. The process begins with Information Procurement, wherein data is collected from a wide range of primary and secondary sources. This is followed by Information Analysis, during which the collected data is systematically mapped, discrepancies across sources are examined, and consistency is established through cross-validation.
Subsequently, the Market Formulation phase involves placing verified data points into an appropriate market context to generate meaningful conclusions. This step integrates analyst interpretation and expert heuristics to refine findings and ensure applicability. Finally, all conclusions undergo a rigorous Validation and Publishing process, where each data point is re-evaluated before inclusion in the final deliverable. The methodology emphasizes bidirectional flow and reversibility between key stages to maintain flexibility and reinforce the integrity of the analysis.
Research Process The market research process follows a structured and iterative methodology designed to ensure accuracy, depth, and reliability. It begins with scope definition and research design, where the research objectives are clearly outlined based on client requirements, emerging market trends, and initial exploratory insights. This phase provides strategic direction for all subsequent stages of the research. Data collection is then conducted through both secondary and primary research. Secondary research involves analyzing publicly available and paid sources such as company filings, industry journals, and government databases to build foundational knowledge. This is followed by primary research, which includes direct interviews and surveys with key industry stakeholders—such as manufacturers, distributors, and end users—to gather firsthand insights and address data gaps identified earlier. Techniques included CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephonic Interviewing), CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing), CAVI (Computer-Assisted Video Interviewing via platforms like Zoom and WebEx), and CASI (Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing via email or LinkedIn).
