Definition and Scope: Commercial debt collection services refer to the professional services provided by specialized agencies to recover outstanding debts on behalf of businesses from other businesses. These services involve contacting debtors, negotiating payment terms, and facilitating the collection process in exchange for a fee or percentage of the amount collected. Commercial debt collection services are crucial for businesses to maintain healthy cash flow and financial stability by recovering funds owed to them. The market for commercial debt collection services is experiencing steady growth due to several market trends and drivers. One key trend is the increasing complexity of business transactions and credit agreements, leading to a higher volume of outstanding debts. As businesses expand globally and engage in more diverse financial transactions, the need for specialized debt collection services becomes more pronounced. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce and online transactions has created new challenges in debt recovery, further driving the demand for professional collection services. At the same time, market drivers such as the growing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the impact of economic downturns contribute to the expansion of the commercial debt collection services market. SMEs often lack the resources and expertise to effectively recover debts on their own, making them reliant on third-party collection agencies. Economic downturns can also lead to an increase in delinquent accounts, prompting businesses to seek external assistance in recovering funds. These market drivers are expected to fuel the growth of the commercial debt collection services market in the coming years. The global Commercial Debt Collection Service market size was estimated at USD 30922.97 million in 2024, exhibiting a CAGR of 2.70% during the forecast period. This report offers a comprehensive analysis of the global Commercial Debt Collection Service market, examining all key dimensions. It provides both a macro-level overview and micro-level market details, including market size, trends, competitive landscape, niche segments, growth drivers, and key challenges. Report Framework and Key Highlights: Market Dynamics: Identification of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. Trend Analysis: Examination of ongoing and emerging trends impacting the market. Competitive Landscape: Detailed profiles and market positioning of major players, including market share, operational status, product offerings, and strategic developments. Strategic Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, PEST Analysis, Value Chain Analysis Market Segmentation: By type, application, region, and end-user industry. Forecasting and Growth Projections: In-depth revenue forecasts and CAGR analysis through 2033. This report equips readers with critical insights to navigate competitive dynamics and develop effective strategies. Whether assessing a new market entry or refining existing strategies, the report serves as a valuable tool for: Industry players Investors Researchers Consultants Business strategists And all stakeholders with an interest or investment in the Commercial Debt Collection Service market. Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market: Segmentation Analysis and Strategic Insights This section of the report provides an in-depth segmentation analysis of the global Commercial Debt Collection Service market. The market is segmented based on region (country), manufacturer, product type, and application. Segmentation enables a more precise understanding of market dynamics and facilitates targeted strategies across product development, marketing, and sales. By breaking the market into meaningful subsets, stakeholders can better tailor their offerings to the specific needs of each segment—enhancing competitiveness and improving return on investment. Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market: Market Segmentation Analysis The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments. Key Companies Profiled eCollect Commercial Credit Marshall Freeman Woods & Day Solicitors Atradius Collections Slater Byrne CDRS Kaplan Local Recoveries Xservices Macquarie Collections Fair Capital Professional Collection Services (PCS) Hilton-Baird MCPA Group CCSG Collect Bell Mercantile Coface Accuro Maxwell Redwood Collections Capalona National Credit Insurance Bluechip Collections Elite Collection Master Collection Allianz Trade Challenge Commercial Collections Charter Merc Active Debt Recovery Thomas Higgins Market Segmentation by Type Multiple Debt Recovery Single Debt Recover Credit Control Market Segmentation by Application Large Enterprise SMEs Geographic Segmentation North America: United States, Canada, Mexico Europe: Germany, France, Italy, U.K., Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia. Asia-Pacific: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand South America: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia. Middle East and Africa (MEA): Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA Report Framework and Chapter Summary Chapter 1: Report Scope and Market Definition This chapter outlines the statistical boundaries and scope of the report. It defines the segmentation standards used throughout the study, including criteria for dividing the market by region, product type, application, and other relevant dimensions. It establishes the foundational definitions and classifications that guide the rest of the analysis. Chapter 2: Executive Summary This chapter presents a concise summary of the market’s current status and future outlook across different segments—by geography, product type, and application. It includes key metrics such as market size, growth trends, and development potential for each segment. The chapter offers a high-level overview of the Commercial Debt Collection Service Market, highlighting its evolution over the short, medium, and long term. Chapter 3: Market Dynamics and Policy Environment This chapter explores the latest developments in the market, identifying key growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and risks faced by industry participants. It also includes an analysis of the policy and regulatory landscape affecting the market, providing insight into how external factors may shape future performance. Chapter 4: Competitive Landscape This chapter provides a detailed assessment of the market's competitive environment. It covers market share, production capacity, output, pricing trends, and strategic developments such as mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans of leading players. This analysis offers a comprehensive view of the positioning and performance of top competitors. Chapters 5–10: Regional Market Analysis These chapters offer in-depth, quantitative evaluations of market size and growth potential across major regions and countries. Each chapter assesses regional consumption patterns, market dynamics, development prospects, and available capacity. The analysis helps readers understand geographical differences and opportunities in global markets. Chapter 11: Market Segmentation by Product Type This chapter examines the market based on product type, analyzing the size, growth trends, and potential of each segment. It helps stakeholders identify underexplored or high-potential product categories—often referred to as “blue ocean” opportunities. Chapter 12: Market Segmentation by Application This chapter analyzes the market based on application fields, providing insights into the scale and future development of each application segment. It supports readers in identifying high-growth areas across downstream markets. Chapter 13: Company Profiles This chapter presents comprehensive profiles of leading companies operating in the market. For each company, it details sales revenue, volume, pricing, gross profit margin, market share, product offerings, and recent strategic developments. This section offers valuable insight into corporate performance and strategy. Chapter 14: Industry Chain and Value Chain Analysis This chapter explores the full industry chain, from upstream raw material suppliers to downstream application sectors. It includes a value chain analysis that highlights the interconnections and dependencies across various parts of the ecosystem. Chapter 15: Key Findings and Conclusions The final chapter summarizes the main takeaways from the report, presenting the core conclusions, strategic recommendations, and implications for stakeholders. It encapsulates the insights drawn from all previous chapters. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Definition 1.2 Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Segments 1.2.1 Segment by Type 1.2.2 Segment by Application 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size 2.2 Market Segmentation – by Type 2.3 Market Segmentation – by Application 2.4 Market Segmentation – by Geography 3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints 3.1 Key Takeway 3.2 Market Opportunities & Trends 3.3 Market Drivers 3.4 Market Restraints 3.5 Market Major Factor Assessment 4 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Competitive Landscape 4.1 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Share by Company (2020-2025) 4.2 Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 4.3 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans 4.4 Mergers & Acquisitions 5 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market by Region 5.1 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Region 5.2 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size Market Share by Region 6 North America Market Overview 6.1 North America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Country 6.1.1 USA Market Overview 6.1.2 Canada Market Overview 6.1.3 Mexico Market Overview 6.2 North America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Type 6.3 North America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Application 6.4 Top Players in North America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 7 Europe Market Overview 7.1 Europe Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Country 7.1.1 Germany Market Overview 7.1.2 France Market Overview 7.1.3 U.K. Market Overview 7.1.4 Italy Market Overview 7.1.5 Spain Market Overview 7.1.6 Sweden Market Overview 7.1.7 Denmark Market Overview 7.1.8 Netherlands Market Overview 7.1.9 Switzerland Market Overview 7.1.10 Belgium Market Overview 7.1.11 Russia Market Overview 7.2 Europe Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Type 7.3 Europe Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Application 7.4 Top Players in Europe Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 8 Asia-Pacific Market Overview 8.1 Asia-Pacific Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Country 8.1.1 China Market Overview 8.1.2 Japan Market Overview 8.1.3 South Korea Market Overview 8.1.4 India Market Overview 8.1.5 Australia Market Overview 8.1.6 Indonesia Market Overview 8.1.7 Malaysia Market Overview 8.1.8 Philippines Market Overview 8.1.9 Singapore Market Overview 8.1.10 Thailand Market Overview 8.2 Asia-Pacific Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Type 8.3 Asia-Pacific Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Application 8.4 Top Players in Asia-Pacific Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 9 South America Market Overview 9.1 South America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Country 9.1.1 Brazil Market Overview 9.1.2 Argentina Market Overview 9.1.3 Columbia Market Overview 9.2 South America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Type 9.3 South America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Application 9.4 Top Players in South America Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 10 Middle East and Africa Market Overview 10.1 Middle East and Africa Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Country 10.1.1 Saudi Arabia Market Overview 10.1.2 UAE Market Overview 10.1.3 Egypt Market Overview 10.1.4 Nigeria Market Overview 10.1.5 South Africa Market Overview 10.2 Middle East and Africa Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Type 10.3 Middle East and Africa Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size by Application 10.4 Top Players in Middle East and Africa Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 11 Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Segmentation by Type 11.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) 11.2 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Share by Type (2020-2033) 12 Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Segmentation by Application 12.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) 12.2 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Market Size (M USD) by Application (2020-2033) 12.3 Global Commercial Debt Collection Service Sales Growth Rate by Application (2020-2033) 13 Company Profiles 13.1 eCollect 13.1.1 eCollect Company Overview 13.1.2 eCollect Business Overview 13.1.3 eCollect Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.1.4 eCollect Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.1.5 Key News 13.2 Commercial Credit 13.2.1 Commercial Credit Company Overview 13.2.2 Commercial Credit Business Overview 13.2.3 Commercial Credit Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.2.4 Commercial Credit Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.2.5 Key News 13.3 Marshall Freeman 13.3.1 Marshall Freeman Company Overview 13.3.2 Marshall Freeman Business Overview 13.3.3 Marshall Freeman Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.3.4 Marshall Freeman Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.3.5 Key News 13.4 Woods and Day Solicitors 13.4.1 Woods and Day Solicitors Company Overview 13.4.2 Woods and Day Solicitors Business Overview 13.4.3 Woods and Day Solicitors Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.4.4 Woods and Day Solicitors Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.4.5 Key News 13.5 Atradius Collections 13.5.1 Atradius Collections Company Overview 13.5.2 Atradius Collections Business Overview 13.5.3 Atradius Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.5.4 Atradius Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.5.5 Key News 13.6 Slater Byrne 13.6.1 Slater Byrne Company Overview 13.6.2 Slater Byrne Business Overview 13.6.3 Slater Byrne Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.6.4 Slater Byrne Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.6.5 Key News 13.7 CDRS 13.7.1 CDRS Company Overview 13.7.2 CDRS Business Overview 13.7.3 CDRS Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.7.4 CDRS Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.7.5 Key News 13.8 Kaplan 13.8.1 Kaplan Company Overview 13.8.2 Kaplan Business Overview 13.8.3 Kaplan Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.8.4 Kaplan Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.8.5 Key News 13.9 Local Recoveries 13.9.1 Local Recoveries Company Overview 13.9.2 Local Recoveries Business Overview 13.9.3 Local Recoveries Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.9.4 Local Recoveries Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.9.5 Key News 13.10 Xservices 13.10.1 Xservices Company Overview 13.10.2 Xservices Business Overview 13.10.3 Xservices Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.10.4 Xservices Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.10.5 Key News 13.11 Macquarie Collections 13.11.1 Macquarie Collections Company Overview 13.11.2 Macquarie Collections Business Overview 13.11.3 Macquarie Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.11.4 Macquarie Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.11.5 Key News 13.12 Fair Capital 13.12.1 Fair Capital Company Overview 13.12.2 Fair Capital Business Overview 13.12.3 Fair Capital Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.12.4 Fair Capital Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.12.5 Key News 13.13 Professional Collection Services (PCS) 13.13.1 Professional Collection Services (PCS) Company Overview 13.13.2 Professional Collection Services (PCS) Business Overview 13.13.3 Professional Collection Services (PCS) Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.13.4 Professional Collection Services (PCS) Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.13.5 Key News 13.14 Hilton-Baird 13.14.1 Hilton-Baird Company Overview 13.14.2 Hilton-Baird Business Overview 13.14.3 Hilton-Baird Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.14.4 Hilton-Baird Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.14.5 Key News 13.15 MCPA Group 13.15.1 MCPA Group Company Overview 13.15.2 MCPA Group Business Overview 13.15.3 MCPA Group Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.15.4 MCPA Group Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.15.5 Key News 13.16 CCSG Collect 13.16.1 CCSG Collect Company Overview 13.16.2 CCSG Collect Business Overview 13.16.3 CCSG Collect Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.16.4 CCSG Collect Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.16.5 Key News 13.17 Bell Mercantile 13.17.1 Bell Mercantile Company Overview 13.17.2 Bell Mercantile Business Overview 13.17.3 Bell Mercantile Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.17.4 Bell Mercantile Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.17.5 Key News 13.18 Coface 13.18.1 Coface Company Overview 13.18.2 Coface Business Overview 13.18.3 Coface Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.18.4 Coface Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.18.5 Key News 13.19 Accuro Maxwell 13.19.1 Accuro Maxwell Company Overview 13.19.2 Accuro Maxwell Business Overview 13.19.3 Accuro Maxwell Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.19.4 Accuro Maxwell Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.19.5 Key News 13.20 Redwood Collections 13.20.1 Redwood Collections Company Overview 13.20.2 Redwood Collections Business Overview 13.20.3 Redwood Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.20.4 Redwood Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.20.5 Key News 13.21 Capalona 13.21.1 Capalona Company Overview 13.21.2 Capalona Business Overview 13.21.3 Capalona Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.21.4 Capalona Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.21.5 Key News 13.22 National Credit Insurance 13.22.1 National Credit Insurance Company Overview 13.22.2 National Credit Insurance Business Overview 13.22.3 National Credit Insurance Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.22.4 National Credit Insurance Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.22.5 Key News 13.23 Bluechip Collections 13.23.1 Bluechip Collections Company Overview 13.23.2 Bluechip Collections Business Overview 13.23.3 Bluechip Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.23.4 Bluechip Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.23.5 Key News 13.24 Elite Collection 13.24.1 Elite Collection Company Overview 13.24.2 Elite Collection Business Overview 13.24.3 Elite Collection Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.24.4 Elite Collection Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.24.5 Key News 13.25 Master Collection 13.25.1 Master Collection Company Overview 13.25.2 Master Collection Business Overview 13.25.3 Master Collection Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.25.4 Master Collection Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.25.5 Key News 13.26 Allianz Trade 13.26.1 Allianz Trade Company Overview 13.26.2 Allianz Trade Business Overview 13.26.3 Allianz Trade Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.26.4 Allianz Trade Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.26.5 Key News 13.27 Challenge Commercial Collections 13.27.1 Challenge Commercial Collections Company Overview 13.27.2 Challenge Commercial Collections Business Overview 13.27.3 Challenge Commercial Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.27.4 Challenge Commercial Collections Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.27.5 Key News 13.28 Charter Merc 13.28.1 Charter Merc Company Overview 13.28.2 Charter Merc Business Overview 13.28.3 Charter Merc Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.28.4 Charter Merc Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.28.5 Key News 13.29 Active Debt Recovery 13.29.1 Active Debt Recovery Company Overview 13.29.2 Active Debt Recovery Business Overview 13.29.3 Active Debt Recovery Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.29.4 Active Debt Recovery Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.29.5 Key News 13.30 Thomas Higgins 13.30.1 Thomas Higgins Company Overview 13.30.2 Thomas Higgins Business Overview 13.30.3 Thomas Higgins Commercial Debt Collection Service Major Product Overview 13.30.4 Thomas Higgins Commercial Debt Collection Service Revenue and Gross Margin fromCommercial Debt Collection Service (2020-2025) 13.30.5 Key News 14 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints 14.1 Key Takeway 14.2 Market Opportunities & Trends 14.3 Market Drivers 14.4 Market Restraints 14.5 Market Major Factor Assessment 14.6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 14.7 PEST Analysis of Commercial Debt Collection Service Market 15 Analysis of the Commercial Debt Collection Service Industry Chain 15.1 Overview of the Industry Chain 15.2 Upstream Segment Analysis 15.3 Midstream Segment Analysis 15.3.1 Manufacturing, Processing or Conversion Process Analysis 15.3.2 Key Technology Analysis 15.4 Downstream Segment Analysis 15.4.1 Downstream Customer List and Contact Details 15.4.2 Customer Concerns or Preference Analysis 16 Conclusion 17 Appendix 17.1 Methodology 17.2 Research Process and Data Source 17.3 Disclaimer 17.4 Note 17.5 Examples of Clients 17.6 DisclaimerResearch Methodology The research methodology employed in this study follows a structured, four-stage process designed to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and relevance of all data and insights presented. The process begins with Information Procurement, wherein data is collected from a wide range of primary and secondary sources. This is followed by Information Analysis, during which the collected data is systematically mapped, discrepancies across sources are examined, and consistency is established through cross-validation.
Subsequently, the Market Formulation phase involves placing verified data points into an appropriate market context to generate meaningful conclusions. This step integrates analyst interpretation and expert heuristics to refine findings and ensure applicability. Finally, all conclusions undergo a rigorous Validation and Publishing process, where each data point is re-evaluated before inclusion in the final deliverable. The methodology emphasizes bidirectional flow and reversibility between key stages to maintain flexibility and reinforce the integrity of the analysis.
Research Process The market research process follows a structured and iterative methodology designed to ensure accuracy, depth, and reliability. It begins with scope definition and research design, where the research objectives are clearly outlined based on client requirements, emerging market trends, and initial exploratory insights. This phase provides strategic direction for all subsequent stages of the research. Data collection is then conducted through both secondary and primary research. Secondary research involves analyzing publicly available and paid sources such as company filings, industry journals, and government databases to build foundational knowledge. This is followed by primary research, which includes direct interviews and surveys with key industry stakeholders—such as manufacturers, distributors, and end users—to gather firsthand insights and address data gaps identified earlier. Techniques included CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephonic Interviewing), CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing), CAVI (Computer-Assisted Video Interviewing via platforms like Zoom and WebEx), and CASI (Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing via email or LinkedIn).
